AI marketing budget 2026: the 15.3% benchmark, where the money goes, and how to set your own AI line
CMOs put an average 15.3% of marketing budgets into AI in 2026, per Gartner, and AI-ready firms 21.3%. Benchmarks, spend split and a worked budget.
Chief marketing officers (CMOs) allocated an average of 15.3% of their marketing budgets to artificial intelligence (AI) initiatives in 2026, according to Gartner's 2026 CMO Spend Survey. More AI-ready organizations allocated 21.3%. Those shares sat inside budgets that barely moved, at 7.8% of company revenue against 7.7% in 2025. This page compares other surveys, shows where the money went and sets the AI line for a $400 million company.
How much of the marketing budget goes to AI in 2026
The short answer: CMOs allocated an average of 15.3% of their marketing budgets to AI initiatives in 2026, according to Gartner's 2026 CMO Spend Survey. Note the denominator. The figure is a share of the marketing budget, not a share of company revenue.
Marketing budgets moved from 7.7% to 7.8% of revenue between 2025 and 2026, while the more AI-ready organizations reported 8.9%.
Marketing budget as a share of company revenue (% of revenue)
| Label | Value |
|---|---|
| All respondents, 2025 | 7.7 % of revenue |
| All respondents, 2026 | 7.8 % of revenue |
| More AI-ready organizations, 2026 | 8.9 % of revenue |
That AI share sits inside budgets that barely moved. Gartner found that marketing budgets increased by 1.3% since 2025. As a share of revenue, budgets went to 7.8% of company revenue in 2026 from 7.7% in 2025. Gartner also put that 7.8% at 18% lower than the mean budget allocation just four years ago. For context on revenue ratios, see our marketing budget as a percent of revenue benchmark.
Gartner, CMO Spend 2026 | Gartner, 25 June 2026
Gartner, Gartner 2026 CMO Spend Survey Finds CMOs Allocate 15.3% of Marketing Budgets to AI, But Only 30% Are Ready to Scale AI Capabilities, 11 May 2026
In our reading, the AI line is mostly being funded by moving existing money, not by adding new money. Gartner pointed the same way: 56% of CMOs say their marketing organization lacks the budget required to deliver their 2026 strategy.
A worked example
Take an example marketing budget of $10 million. This is an illustration, not a benchmark. At the 15.3% average, the AI line would be $1.53 million. The more AI-ready organizations in the survey allocate 21.3% of their marketing budgets to AI initiatives. That gap has to come from somewhere else in a flat plan.
| Measure | Figure |
|---|---|
| AI share of marketing budget, survey average | 15.3% |
| AI share of marketing budget, more AI-ready organizations | 21.3% |
| Marketing budget as share of revenue, 2025 | 7.7% |
| Marketing budget as share of revenue, 2026 | 7.8% |
| Change in marketing budgets since 2025 | 1.3% |
Who was surveyed
Gartner ran the survey January through March 2026 among 401 CMOs and other marketing leaders in North America, the United Kingdom and Europe. The sample leaned large, with the vast majority of respondents reporting annual revenue of over $1 billion.
If your company sits nearer $20 million than $2 billion, we think the 15.3% works as a reference point for a board conversation, not a target. Put it in your board deck next to your own number and the sample caveat.
The AI spending benchmarks side by side, with sample and definition
Three other 2026 surveys published artificial intelligence (AI) figures that circulate in budget meetings. Each counts something different. Before any of them goes into a board deck, check who was asked, when, and what the number is divided by.
| Benchmark | Figure | Who was asked | When fielded | What it measures (our reading) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gartner cross-functional AI survey | 12% average share of functional budgets on AI in 2025 | 1,303 respondents at organizations with revenue of at least $50 million in fiscal 2025 | January to April 2026 | Spend across all functions, not marketing alone, looking back at 2025 |
| Boston Consulting Group (BCG) chief marketing officer (CMO) survey | 43% of companies spent over $15 million on marketing AI, up from 28% | 300 CMOs worldwide, business-to-consumer and business-to-business, plus 50 interviews | Reported as this year against last year | A dollar threshold, so it tracks company size as much as commitment |
| The CMO Survey, 35th edition | AI projected to account for more than half of marketing activities within three years | 308 marketing leaders at for-profit U.S. companies, 97% VP-level or higher | January 7 to 29, 2026 | Expected share of work, not share of spend |
Which figure fits your company
In our reading, Gartner's figure is the closest thing to a budget share. It is still an average across functions. The same survey found 85% of functional leaders planned to increase AI spending in 2026, and that roughly 11% of organizations did not know what their function spent on AI in 2025. Know your own number before you compare it with anyone's.
Gartner, Gartner Survey Finds Only 22% of Organizations Have Successfully Scaled AI Across Multiple Business Units, 1 September 2026
A worked example, not a benchmark: take a $10 million marketing budget. At the Gartner average, $10 million times 12% is $1.2 million on AI. The BCG threshold of $15 million is larger than that whole example budget. In our reading, the BCG figure describes companies with far larger marketing spend, and a mid-sized company should treat it as a signal of direction, not a target.
The CMO Survey measures activity. A team can pass the halfway mark on activities with modest spend if AI sits inside content and analytics tools it already licenses. That survey also put marketing budgets at 9.0% of company revenues. The sample differs from the revenue figure in the previous section, so do not plot the two on one chart. Our marketing budget as a percent of revenue benchmark keeps each source's sample separate.
Duke's Fuqua School of Business, CMOs Face Headwinds Even as Marketing Value and AI Impact Grow | Duke's Fuqua School of Business, 26 March 2026
When one of these numbers goes into the CMO board deck, put the sample, the dates and the denominator in the footnote. One figure per slide, one definition per figure.
Where AI money in marketing goes: tools, people and agencies
The AI line does not sit in one bucket. It runs through tools, people and outside partners, and in 2026 those three moved in different directions.
| Budget line | 2026 share | Earlier share | Direction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Martech | 19.4% of marketing budget | 26.6% in 2021 | Down |
| Labor | 24.5% of marketing budget | 21.9% in 2025 | Up |
| Paid media | 31.4% of marketing expenses | 25.1% in 2021 | Up |
Tools: more spending intent, smaller share
Martech fell to a five-year low: the mean share of marketing budget dropped from 26.6% in 2021 to 19.4%. Gartner's explanation is that many organizations have already made their major tools-related AI expenditures and have moved on to getting value from them.
Chief Marketer, Gartner CMO Spend Survey: Budgets Reflect Increase in Consumption-Based Martech, Paid Media Spend - Chief Marketer, 24 June 2026
Pricing is shifting too. In the past year, 56% increased the share of martech budget on usage-based pricing and 9% decreased it. Usage-based pricing brings overhead. Half of adopters are continually renegotiating contracts to avoid cost spikes, and 41% have set up or are building real-time controls.
Chief Marketer, Gartner CMO Spend Survey: Budgets Reflect Increase in Consumption-Based Martech, Paid Media Spend - Chief Marketer, 24 June 2026
People: the share that grew
Labor's share of the total marketing budget rose from 21.9% in 2025 to 24.5% in 2026. Lack of internal AI expertise was the top barrier to AI-driven efficiency, cited by 38%. Intentions point the other way: 34% expected to spend more on labor and 43% expected to cut it. We think this gap is where many AI plans stall. The tools get bought and the skills to use them get cut. See our headcount benchmarks.
Gartner, Gartner Marketing Survey Finds Awareness and Conversion Account for 62.6% of Total Media Spend, 8 June 2026
Chief Marketer, Gartner CMO Spend Survey: Budgets Reflect Increase in Consumption-Based Martech, Paid Media Spend - Chief Marketer, 24 June 2026
Agencies and media
Gartner reports that the move to paid media was funded by cuts to agencies. Within media, awareness and conversion reached 62.6% of total media spend, a rise of over 10% since 2024. Loyalty and retention declined 29% to less than 15%. The most AI-mature organizations went the other way. They put a larger share into loyalty and retention and a lower share into digital.
Gartner, CMO Spend 2026 | Gartner, 25 June 2026
Gartner, Gartner Marketing Survey Finds Awareness and Conversion Account for 62.6% of Total Media Spend, 8 June 2026
A three-column template for your AI line
Take your AI line as an example of 10 units. This is not a benchmark. Split it into three columns:
- Tools: licenses, and usage-based contracts with a named owner and a monthly usage cap.
- People: training, new roles and time freed for existing staff.
- Partners: agency scope of work that involves AI, priced separately from the retainer.
If almost all 10 units sit in tools, we would read that as a capability risk to raise with the board before the next budget cycle.
How AI-mature marketing teams spend and operate differently
Both surveys sort respondents into tiers, and their definitions differ. Gartner's tier is self-reported: only 30% of CMOs reported mature or fully developed AI readiness. In the same survey, 70% said their internal marketing processes were not mature enough to implement and scale AI.
BCG placed 32% of CMOs in its Leaders tier, 26% in Followers and 42% in At-Risk.
BCG AI maturity tiers among CMOs, 2026 (% of CMOs)
| Label | Value |
|---|---|
| Leaders | 32 % of CMOs |
| Followers | 26 % of CMOs |
| At-Risk | 42 % of CMOs |
BCG used observed deployment instead. Its criteria were the number of workflows agents touch, how far those workflows were transformed, how agents were orchestrated together, and the effect on campaign productivity and return on investment (ROI).
BCG Global, Moving the Agentic Marketing Transformation from Illusion to Reality, 9 June 2026
| BCG tier | Share of CMOs | What the tier does |
|---|
| Followers | 26% | Scaling beyond pilots in one or two domains, often content or media optimization | | At-Risk | 42% | Generative AI assists humans on specific tasks; operating model and martech stack unchanged |
Sources: BCG for all three tiers.
BCG Global, Moving the Agentic Marketing Transformation from Illusion to Reality, 9 June 2026
Inside the Leaders tier, approximately 8% of CMOs were starting to connect multiple agents to run certain campaigns autonomously. At the other end, 42% admitted they still used generative AI only as an assistant for individual tasks in a handful of workflows. In our reading, Gartner's 30% and BCG's 32% describe a similar-sized group even though they were measured differently. We would not treat them as the same population.
BCG Global, Moving the Agentic Marketing Transformation from Illusion to Reality, 9 June 2026
The operating habit that separates returns
It identified high performers as those that constantly track ROI, treat AI as a portfolio of value and regularly assess project performance and reallocate or discontinue underperforming initiatives. Those firms reported positive returns in 81% of their AI initiatives. Low performers did not know the rate of return for 29% of theirs.
Gartner, Gartner Survey Finds Only 22% of Organizations Have Successfully Scaled AI Across Multiple Business Units, 1 September 2026
A quarterly portfolio review puts that habit into practice. Take an example portfolio of 10 initiatives, which is an illustration and not a benchmark. For each initiative, record five things:
- Outcome category: productivity, revenue or risk.
- Owner and baseline metric.
- Measured return this quarter, using incrementality tests where possible.
- Decision: scale, hold or stop.
- Where freed budget moves.
In our reading, the stop column matters most. An initiative without a measured return should be scheduled for a kill date. Report the result in the AI section of your board deck.
Is AI spending replacing marketing headcount
Not yet, on the survey record, though CMOs expected that to change.
Company size changed the picture. Marketers at companies with $20 billion or more in revenue were 2.5 times as likely to have cut headcount due to AI in the past year. They were also twice as likely to expect cuts. For smaller companies, the same survey found that AI was seen more as a growth lever than as a cost-reduction tool.
spencerstuart.com, The AI Reckoning: Why Marketers Think 2026 Is a Make-or-Break Year, 23 December 2025
The cuts named so far were narrow. They included reducing or retiring some copywriting and content production roles, and pulling work back from creative and production agencies. At the same time, teams added prompt engineers, data scientists and AI centers of excellence.
Work is being automated faster than roles are removed
A Gartner survey of 402 CMOs, run from August through October 2025, found that marketing leaders expected AI-driven automation of marketing work to rise from 16% in 2026 to 36% by 2028. Set that beside the rising labor share covered earlier. In our reading, the near term looks like a period of reskilling and redeployment, with deeper cuts arriving later and first at larger companies.
Here is a worked example, with an example input rather than a benchmark. On a team of 10 marketers, 16% of work automated equals 1.6 full-time equivalents of hours, and 36% equals 3.6. The planning question is what happens to those hours.
A headcount line for the board deck
Before the next budget cycle, put each freed hour in one of three columns:
- Redeploy: hours moved to work you could not staff before, such as testing or retention programs.
- Absorb: hours that become higher output from the same team, with the new output target written down.
- Release: roles or agency scope you will not renew, with the date and the saving.
Gartner also found that 80% of CMOs said staff fear and anxiety was a barrier to AI experimentation. It advised setting a "skills floor" for every role. We think publishing the three columns to the team, alongside that floor, does more to steady staff than general reassurance does. Compare your current ratios with our marketing headcount benchmarks and carry the result into your CMO board deck.
How to measure the return on AI in marketing
Return on AI starts with knowing the cost. In a Gartner survey, roughly 11% of organizations were entirely unaware of what their function spent on AI in 2025. No return can be calculated against spend nobody logged.
Gartner, Gartner Survey Finds Only 22% of Organizations Have Successfully Scaled AI Across Multiple Business Units, 1 September 2026
So step one is an AI ledger. Tag every license, model fee, agency line and block of staff time that goes to AI work, and give each a single owner.
Step two is to sort that ledger by the value each line is meant to produce. Productivity was a key target outcome for 75% of functional leaders. In our reading, that makes it the easiest bucket to fill and the easiest to over-claim.
Gartner, Gartner Survey Finds Only 22% of Organizations Have Successfully Scaled AI Across Multiple Business Units, 1 September 2026
Our four-part split
| Value type | What you measure | Method | Board question it answers (our reading) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cost per output | Fully loaded cost of one asset, brief or campaign | Before-and-after cost ledger | Are we producing the same work for less |
| Cycle time | Days from request to launch | Workflow timestamps | Are we shipping faster |
| Incremental revenue | Revenue that would not exist without the AI-driven change | Incrementality tests, marketing mix modeling | Did it grow the business |
| Brand health | Awareness, consideration, preference | Brand tracking | Is the brand getting stronger or weaker |
Here is an example, not a benchmark. Take a team that produces 10 product pages a week. It records the fully loaded cost and the request-to-live time for those 10 pages in the quarter before the AI pilot. Then it records the same figures for 10 comparable pages after the pilot. That pair of readings covers the first two rows.
Incremental revenue needs a control. Run holdout or geo tests where you can, and use marketing mix modeling for channels you cannot split. In our reading, efficiency gains count as return only when they show up in the cost ledger. A time saving that is not redeployed or removed from the budget does not count.
Do not skip brand
In our reading, Brand is the row teams drop, and the cost of dropping it compounds. Gartner found 84% of companies are stuck in a "brand doom loop". It describes the loop as companies that underinvest in brand measurement, lack confidence in the results and consequently attract even less funding. If AI raises output volume while brand tracking is unfunded, nobody can see whether quality held.
Gartner, Gartner Marketing Survey Finds 84% of Companies Are Stuck in a “Brand Doom Loop”, 10 June 2026
Report each of the four rows separately in the quarterly board deck, because they use different units. In the same research, 43% want a clear, simple story about brand health and business performance. Four plain rows, measured the same way each quarter, give the board that story.
Gartner, Gartner Marketing Survey Finds 84% of Companies Are Stuck in a “Brand Doom Loop”, 10 June 2026
Worked example: setting the AI line for a $400 million company
Gartner put the 2026 marketing budget at 7.8% of company revenue, so 7.8% of $400 million gives a marketing budget of $31.2 million. At the survey's 15.3% average AI share, 15.3% of $31.2 million is about $4.77 million. That is the unadjusted starting line.
Step 1: adjust for who answered
The survey drew mostly on large firms, with the vast majority of respondents reporting annual revenue of over $1 billion. In our reading, a $400 million company has less data infrastructure to feed AI tools, so the benchmark is a ceiling more than a floor. As an example input, not a benchmark, a 10% reduction applied to $4.77 million gives about $4.29 million.
For the upper bound, Gartner found that AI-ready organizations allocate 21.3% of their marketing budgets to AI initiatives. Applied to the same base, 21.3% of $31.2 million is about $6.65 million. The board now sees a working figure and a stretch case.
Step 2: split the line
Divide the $4.29 million into three buckets, with ratios set by your own contracts and hiring plan.
| Bucket | What goes in it | What to watch (our reading) |
|---|---|---|
| Tools | Licenses, model usage, data and integration work | Usage-priced contracts that drift above plan |
| People | Training, AI-skilled hires, time spent on workflow redesign | Skills spend cut first when budgets tighten |
| Agency fees | AI scope inside existing retainers or project work | Fees paid for work your team now does in-house |
Gartner's guidance on usage-priced martech was to monitor usage, renegotiate contracts and add controls to reduce cost volatility, and to rebalance AI investment toward people. On agencies, the same research found paid media at 31.4% of budgets, funded by cuts to agencies, so review each scope of work before renewing AI line items with partners.
Gartner, CMO Spend 2026 | Gartner, 25 June 2026
Step 3: put it on one slide
Use the CMO board deck template and give the AI line a single slide with four rows:
- The number: $4.29 million, with the $4.77 million benchmark figure and the $6.65 million stretch case beside it.
- The split across tools, people and agency fees.
- The outcome each bucket is expected to move, tied to your return measures.
- The release rule: how money moves between buckets mid-year.
For the last row, Gartner advised CMOs to move to always-on, portfolio-based funding that shifts with performance. Stating the rule up front lets you shift dollars in month six without reopening the whole marketing budget.
Gartner, CMO Spend 2026 | Gartner, 25 June 2026
Questions to ask before raising the AI line
Before the AI line goes up, we think a CMO should be able to answer five questions in writing. This is our checklist, not an industry standard. Each question points to a document you can bring to the CEO, the chief financial officer (CFO) or the board.
1. Who owns the decision
In BCG's 2026 survey of 300 CMOs, roughly half said the marketing organization led AI investment decisions in the function. That compared with 14% led by the CEO or board and 15% by strategy. The chief technology officer or chief information officer (CTO/CIO) came first at 44%, with the CMO at 32%.
BCG Global, Moving the Agentic Marketing Transformation from Illusion to Reality, 9 June 2026
In our reading, the two surveys suggest that budget authority and rollout authority can sit with different executives. Write down who signs off on spend and who owns the technical work.
2. What efficiency target the CEO and CFO expect
Ask for the target as a number with a deadline. Confirm whether it is a cost cut, a productivity gain or growth.
3. How usage-based contracts are capped and monitored
Gartner found that half of organizations using consumption-based solutions were continually renegotiating contracts to avoid usage and cost spikes, Chief Marketer reported. 41% had set up real-time controls or were doing so. Before you sign, set a monthly ceiling for each contract. Name the person who reviews usage every week, and agree in writing what happens when a cap is hit.
Chief Marketer, Gartner CMO Spend Survey: Budgets Reflect Increase in Consumption-Based Martech, Paid Media Spend - Chief Marketer, 24 June 2026
4. Which pilots will be stopped
Gartner suggested cutting investments that do not contribute to performance goals, however entrenched. List every live pilot, the goal it serves and a stop date if its metric has not moved.
Chief Marketer, Gartner CMO Spend Survey: Budgets Reflect Increase in Consumption-Based Martech, Paid Media Spend - Chief Marketer, 24 June 2026
5. How each dollar maps to a measured outcome
Use the outcome categories from the measurement section above. The stakes are concrete: 62% of CMOs in the Gartner survey said missing 2026 growth expectations would lead to marketing budget cuts.
Chief Marketer, Gartner CMO Spend Survey: Budgets Reflect Increase in Consumption-Based Martech, Paid Media Spend - Chief Marketer, 24 June 2026
Template to copy
| Question | Named owner | Evidence to bring (our suggestion) |
|---|---|---|
| Who owns the decision | CMO, CTO/CIO or CEO | Signed decision rights memo |
| Efficiency target | CEO and CFO | Target, deadline, type of gain |
| Usage-based contract caps | Marketing operations | Cap per contract, weekly usage log |
| Pilots to stop | CMO | Pilot list with stop dates |
| Dollar-to-outcome map | Marketing finance | Spend by outcome category |
What this page does not cover
This page does not rank or recommend any AI tool, vendor or agency, and it does not set out pricing for specific products. Its worked examples are illustrations built from survey averages, not targets for any one company. It is not financial or legal advice, so check contract and budget decisions with your own finance and legal teams.
Related on CMO Tribune: Marketing budget as a percentage of revenue in 2026, by sector and business model; Gartner CMO Spend 2026: budgets at 7.8% of revenue, AI at 15.3% of marketing spend; Average CMO Tenure by Index, Sector and Year.
Questions
What percentage of the marketing budget is spent on AI in 2026?
Gartner's 2026 CMO Spend Survey found CMOs allocated an average of 15.3% of their marketing budgets to AI initiatives, and more AI-ready organizations allocated 21.3%. The figure is a share of the marketing budget, not of company revenue. Gartner surveyed 401 CMOs and other marketing leaders in North America, the United Kingdom and Europe from January through March 2026. The vast majority of respondents reported annual revenue of over $1 billion.
How much are CMOs spending on AI?
On an example $10 million marketing budget, the 15.3% average works out to $1.53 million. Boston Consulting Group (BCG) found 43% of companies spent over $15 million on marketing AI, up from 28%, a dollar threshold that tracks company size as much as commitment. The money is mostly being moved within budgets that rose 1.3% since 2025, and 56% of CMOs said they lacked the budget to deliver their 2026 strategy.
What do marketing teams spend AI budgets on?
The AI line runs through tools, people and agencies. Martech fell to 19.4% of the marketing budget from 26.6% in 2021, and 56% of CMOs increased the share of martech budget on usage-based pricing. Labor rose to 24.5% of the budget from 21.9% in 2025. Paid media reached 31.4% of budgets, funded by cuts to agencies.
Is AI replacing marketing jobs?
Not yet, on the survey record: 69% had held team numbers steady while shifting capabilities toward AI. Looking 12 to 24 months ahead, 36% expected to reduce headcount and 54% expected to keep numbers steady. Marketers at companies with $20 billion or more in revenue were 2.5 times as likely to have cut headcount due to AI in the past year. Gartner found marketing leaders expected AI-driven automation of marketing work to rise from 16% in 2026 to 36% by 2028.
How do you measure ROI on AI in marketing?
Start with an AI ledger that tags every license, model fee, agency line and block of staff time, with a single owner for each. Then sort spend by outcome category and measure four things separately: cost per output, cycle time, incremental revenue through incrementality tests or marketing mix modeling, and brand health through brand tracking. Gartner found high performers that track return on investment (ROI) and treat AI as a portfolio reported positive returns in 81% of their AI initiatives.
What should I ask before increasing AI spend in marketing?
We suggest five written answers: who owns the decision, what efficiency target the CEO and chief financial officer (CFO) expect, how usage-based contracts are capped and monitored, which pilots will be stopped, and how each dollar maps to a measured outcome. Gartner found half of organizations using consumption-based solutions were continually renegotiating contracts to avoid cost spikes. And 62% of CMOs said missing 2026 growth expectations would lead to marketing budget cuts.
Sources
- Gartner 2026 CMO Spend Survey Finds CMOs Allocate 15.3% of Marketing Budgets to AI, But Only 30% Are Ready to Scale AI Capabilities, Gartner, 11 May 2026
- CMO Spend 2026 | Gartner, Gartner, 25 June 2026
- Gartner Survey Finds Only 22% of Organizations Have Successfully Scaled AI Across Multiple Business Units, Gartner, 1 September 2026
- Mind the Marketing Gap: Most CMOs Say AI Is Transforming Marketing, But Few Are Using It to Transform Their Own Function, BCG Global
- CMOs Face Headwinds Even as Marketing Value and AI Impact Grow | Duke's Fuqua School of Business, Duke's Fuqua School of Business, 26 March 2026
- Gartner CMO Spend Survey: Budgets Reflect Increase in Consumption-Based Martech, Paid Media Spend - Chief Marketer, Chief Marketer, 24 June 2026
- Gartner Marketing Survey Finds Awareness and Conversion Account for 62.6% of Total Media Spend, Gartner, 8 June 2026
- Moving the Agentic Marketing Transformation from Illusion to Reality, BCG Global, 9 June 2026
- The AI Reckoning: Why Marketers Think 2026 Is a Make-or-Break Year, spencerstuart.com, 23 December 2025
- Gartner Survey Reveals Marketing Leaders Expect AI Automation of Marketing Work to Double to 36% By 2028, Gartner, 11 May 2026
- Gartner Marketing Survey Finds 84% of Companies Are Stuck in a “Brand Doom Loop”, Gartner, 10 June 2026
Written by the CMO Tribune Desk and edited by Lila Odinaev. Every factual sentence was checked against a passage on the source it cites. See how we work, or report an error on the corrections page.